What is Rhesus or Rh factor?
In human RBC(red blood cell) one type of antigen can be present which is similar to Rhesus macacus or monkey’s blood cell antigen that’s call Rh factor or antigen D.
Rh positive (+)- Those who have the this antigen D in RBC they called Rh positive person. Normally we denote it B+,O+ etc where + signify the Rh status.
Rh negative(-) - Those who don’t have the this antigen D in RBC they called Rh negetive person. Normally we denote it A-,B- etc where - signify the Rh status.
Statistics in the world-In India 80-82% peoples are Rh+ and 18-20% is Rh- where us in Japan, China or entire Africa’s almost everyone is Rh+.
The main problem—Now I said that in India Rh positive & negative ratio is almost 80:20 so we often see in married couple where wife is Rh- and husband is Rh+.
What problem can arise then?
Now in case of pregnancy first child (remember it 1st pregnancy) can be born but after the born child can be suffer in one type of jaundice and after that in 2nd, 3rd, or latter pregnancy the baby will be die in uterus.
Why?
Now in case of Rh- wife & Rh+ husband their baby’s Rh factor will be Rh+ because Rh+ is the “dominant factor”. Now baby’s (in embryo stage) Rh+ RBC when mixed with mother’s Rh- RBC via uterus then in mother’s blood serum one type of antibody will be create automatically which is called “Anti-Rh+ factor” .This antibody will present in future in mother blood serum which will destroy the RBC of next baby or later and as a result baby will be die at the uterus. This is called Hydrops foetalis.
As I say also first child can suffer in jaundice because it’s also face the same effect (if antibody form quickly in mother serum) partially which is called Erythro blastosis foetalis.
Awareness-
1.Check your blood group Rh factor before marriage. Marriage in same Rh factor is recommended
2. If that’s not happen then take care more in 1st pregnancy.
3. After the first pregnancy long gap also recommend by doctor before second baby. Some times anti body effect become lesser after few year.